{"id":502,"date":"2019-03-08T20:34:22","date_gmt":"2019-03-08T20:34:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couleedevserver.com\/exodus\/human-trafficking-and-u-s-immigration-a-dark-connection\/"},"modified":"2021-05-08T03:11:12","modified_gmt":"2021-05-08T03:11:12","slug":"human-trafficking-and-u-s-immigration-a-dark-connection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couleedevserver.com\/exodus\/human-trafficking-and-u-s-immigration-a-dark-connection\/","title":{"rendered":"Human Trafficking and U.S. Immigration: A Dark Connection"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We hear news about immigration almost daily in the United States. Unfortunately,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theexodusroad.com\/human-trafficking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">human trafficking<\/a> is one of its dangerous and all-too-common byproducts. In this post, we hope to help you better understand the connection between migration and human trafficking by answering some common questions surrounding it.<\/p>\n<p>Our goal is to educate and raise awareness by sharing relevant research and statistics from several carefully curated sources. We address some of the risks immigrants face before leaving their native countries, what their journeys can involve, and the dangers traffickers pose for them along the way to seeking asylum.<\/p>\n<h2>Why do migrants flee their home countries?<\/h2>\n<p>The answer to this question can vary greatly, but studies have shown that there are common reasons migrants leave home to seek refuge in foreign countries.<\/p>\n<h4>Victims of Crime<\/h4>\n<p>According to a series of surveys conducted by Vanderbilt University\u2019s Latin American and Public Opinion Project (LAPOP), individuals who have been victims of crime are overall more likely to emigrate than those who have never been. The studies also suggest that those who have been victims of crime more than once are even more likely to leave home and seek asylum elsewhere.<sup>1<\/sup> These surveys were given to individuals from El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala, also known as the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA)\u2014one of the most dangerous regions on earth.<\/p>\n<p>Countries in the NTCA have some of the highest homicide and female-specific homicide rates in the world. Families and individuals (including children) are fleeing these countries to escape extreme forms of violence occurring in their communities and seeking asylum in neighboring countries like Mexico and the U.S.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4>Gender-Based Violence<\/h4>\n<p>Another study was conducted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). 160 women\u2014who were either recognized as refugees or \u201cscreened by the U.S. Government to have a credible or reasonable fear of persecution or torture\u201d\u2014were interviewed. These women described what they experienced before fleeing home and on their migration journeys. Many reported that they and their children faced extreme violence at home, such as rape and other forms of assault, threats, and extortion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The following statistics were gathered from the interviews:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>85% described living in a neighborhood controlled by criminal armed groups or transnational or local criminal groups.<\/li>\n<li>64% described being targets of direct threats and attacks by members of criminal armed groups as a primary reason for fleeing.<\/li>\n<li>62% said they were confronted with dead bodies in their neighborhoods.<\/li>\n<li>60% reported attacks, sexual assaults, rapes, or threats to police\/authorities.<\/li>\n<li>40% believed a police report would be ineffective or make a situation worse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The women repeatedly stated that the police and other law enforcement in the areas where they lived could not offer them sufficient protection. Some of them made reports and received little or no protection in return. Others described instances of collusion between the local law enforcement and the criminal armed groups in their communities. Some of the interviewees said the authorities were, at times, a direct source of harm.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>What hardships do migrants face?<\/h2>\n<p>The book <em>Borderline Slavery <\/em>explores the dangers of migrating from Central America or Mexico to the United States. After 9\/11, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) began working toward making the U.S.-Mexico border more secure than it had been in the past. When common migratory pathways became more difficult to use or closed off completely, illegal operations such as people smuggling, drug smuggling, and human trafficking arose.<\/p>\n<h4>Crossing the Border<\/h4>\n<p>Crime syndicates take advantage of wandering migrants and prey on their desperation to make it into the United States, using manipulation or threats to exploit them for profit. Coyotes (people who smuggle immigrants into the U.S.) and human traffickers view immigrants as highly vulnerable individuals who will do whatever they can to cross a border, seek employment, or locate and reunite with family members.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4>Abuse, Exploitation, Human Trafficking<\/h4>\n<p>Many of the women interviewed in the UNHCR study were forced to pay smugglers high fees or were extorted and\/or physically or sexually assaulted as they made their way from Mexico to the U.S. Some reported being held captive near the border, where smugglers forced them to contact their families back home, demanding they send ransom money.<sup>5<\/sup> Migrants are often kidnapped by gangs as they journey north and \u201cheld captive until they consent to further demands by the traffickers.\u201d<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>According to the UNHCR, \u201cmany undocumented Mexican migrants and perhaps the majority of all Central American migrants are trafficked as they head north.\u201d<sup>7<\/sup> Immigrants may be forced to smuggle drugs into the U.S., enter the sex trade, or work for gangs to deceive other unsuspecting travelers. They are often raped repeatedly throughout their journey or even executed if they refuse to carry out the wishes of their captors or if they can\u2019t afford to pay the fees demanded of them.<sup>8<\/sup> Some of the women in the UNHCR study said they took contraceptives before fleeing their homes to reduce the risk of becoming pregnant if they were raped throughout their journeys.<sup>9<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4>Unfamiliarity &amp; Fear<\/h4>\n<p>Once migrants cross into a new country, they may lack legal status and protections or be living in the country with a <a href=\"https:\/\/polarisproject.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Polaris%20Temporary%20Visa%20Report%20_%20Executive%20Summary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporary work visa<\/a>. They may not speak the local language and could be desperate to find work, food, and a safe place to live. They\u2019re likely isolated from most of their family and friends and may lack the basic resources they need to survive. These vulnerabilities, again, make them prime targets for traffickers. Many perpetrators take advantage of migrants who are of the same ethnic background so they understand where they came from and can speak to them in their native language.<sup>10<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>Why don\u2019t victims go to the police for help?<\/h2>\n<p>Many migrants hesitate to report abuses like robbery, assault, or trafficking. Traffickers often threaten to report them to local authorities so they risk deportation; traffickers might also steal their victim\u2019s travel and identity documents to find and threaten families back home to get immigrants to do whatever they ask of them.<sup>11,12<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Immigrants know that if they are undocumented, in a country illegally, or in a foreign country with a temporary visa, they could quickly be deported, which they often consider worse than the abuse they endure at the hands of their traffickers. They may also worry that they\u2019ll be treated as criminals if they\u2019re turned over to law enforcement in a foreign country, rather than victims of abuse.<sup>13<\/sup><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>The journey north can be filled with danger and terror for the men, women, and children seeking refuge in the U.S. Smugglers and traffickers are eager to ensnare their victims in a dark trap. Many travelers are aware of the dangers involved in this journey and choose to take their chances anyway, in hopes of escaping a life they consider even more perilous.<\/p>\n<p>If you suspect that someone is being trafficked in the U.S., contact The National Human Trafficking Hotline by calling 1-888-373-7888 or <a href=\"https:\/\/humantraffickinghotline.org\/report-trafficking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting a tip online<\/a>. ICE has an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/webform\/hsi-tip-form\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">international tipline<\/a> you can call from anywhere in the world, as well.<\/p>\n<p>Polaris has partnered with Consejo Ciudadano to support <a href=\"https:\/\/polarisproject.org\/fighting-human-trafficking-across-us-mexico-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mexico\u2019s first national human trafficking hotline<\/a>. The two organizations can collaborate and coordinate responses to human trafficking occurring across the U.S.-Mexico border.<\/p>\n<p>Interested in learning more about what sex trafficking looks like so you can quickly identify it?\u00a0Check out\u00a0our latest ebook by clicking below.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">SOURCES<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">1. Hiskey, Jonathan T. \u201c<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/research\/understanding-central-american-refugee-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Understanding the Central American Refugee Crisis<\/a>.\u201d American Immigration Council, 17 July 2018.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">2.\u00a0United Nations. \u201c<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/5630f24c6.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Women on the Run<\/a>.\u201d UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency, Oct. 2015.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">3.\u00a0Ibid.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">4.\u00a0Schaefer, Richard J, and Carolyn Gonzales. \u201cHuman Trafficking Through Mexico and the Southwest Border.\u201d Borderline Slavery: Mexico, United States, and the Human Trade, Ashgate Publishing, 2012, pp. 173\u2013185.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">5. United Nations. \u201cWomen on the Run.\u201d UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency, Oct. 2015.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">6. Schaefer, Richard J, and Carolyn Gonzales. \u201cHuman Trafficking Through Mexico and the Southwest Border.\u201d Borderline Slavery: Mexico, United States, and the Human Trade, Ashgate Publishing, 2012, pp. 173\u2013185.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">7.\u00a0United Nations. \u201cWomen on the Run.\u201d\u00a0UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency, Oct. 2015.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">8.\u00a0Schaefer, Richard J, and Carolyn Gonzales. \u201cHuman Trafficking Through Mexico and the Southwest Border.\u201d Borderline Slavery: Mexico, United States, and the Human Trade, Ashgate Publishing, 2012, pp. 173\u2013185.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">9.\u00a0United Nations. \u201cWomen on the Run.\u201d UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency, Oct. 2015.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">10.\u00a0\u201c<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"http:\/\/fairus.org\/issue\/illegal-immigration\/human-trafficking-exploitation-illegal-aliens\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Trafficking-Exploitation of Illegal Aliens<\/a>.\u201d Federation for American Immigration Reform, Aug. 2016.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">11.\u00a0\u201c<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ice.gov\/factsheets\/human-trafficking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Trafficking and Smuggling<\/a>.\u201d ICE, Department of Homeland Security, 16 Jan. 2013.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">12.\u00a0Schaefer, Richard J, and Carolyn Gonzales. \u201cHuman Trafficking Through Mexico and the Southwest Border.\u201d Borderline Slavery: Mexico, United States, and the Human Trade, Ashgate Publishing, 2012, pp. 173\u2013185.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #808080;\">13. Ibid.<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We hear news about immigration almost daily in the United States. Unfortunately,\u00a0human trafficking is one of its dangerous and all-too-common byproducts. In this post, we hope to help you better&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":885,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-education","category-u-s-trafficking"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Human Trafficking and U.S. Immigration: A Dark Connection - Fighting Human Trafficking | The Exodus Road<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We hope to help you better understand the connection between migration and human trafficking by answering some common questions surrounding the issue.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Human Trafficking and U.S. Immigration: A Dark Connection - 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